Which of the following conditions may benefit from cholinergic agents?

Cholinergic agents are drugs that enhance the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in various bodily functions, including cognition and memory. In the context of Alzheimer's disease, cholinergic agents, such as donepezil and rivastigmine, are used to increase acetylcholine levels in the brain. This helps mitigate some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's, particularly cognitive decline and memory loss, by enhancing cholinergic transmission, which is typically impaired in individuals with this condition.

In contrast, conditions like asthma require medications that typically work through bronchial dilation and might involve adrenergic rather than cholinergic mechanisms. Anaphylaxis involves severe allergic reactions that necessitate the use of epinephrine, which counteracts the effects of anaphylaxis rather than cholinergic activity. For diabetes mellitus, the primary treatment focuses on managing blood glucose levels through insulin and other agents, with less relevance to cholinergic agents. Therefore, the use of cholinergic agents is specifically beneficial in managing symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease.