Which adverse effect would likely occur with the use of cholinergic agents such as Bethanechol?

Cholinergic agents, like Bethanechol, stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system by activating acetylcholine receptors, which leads to increased gastrointestinal motility and secretion. This action is primarily beneficial for conditions such as urinary retention and certain gastrointestinal motility disorders.

The correct adverse effect associated with cholinergic agents is diarrhea. This occurs because cholinergic stimulation enhances peristalsis and increases intestinal secretions. As a result, patients may experience increased bowel movements and loose stools as a consequence of this heightened activity in the gastrointestinal system.

The other options reflect effects that are generally contrary to what cholinergic agents would induce. For instance, constipation is typically associated with decreased motility and is not an expected outcome from cholinergic stimulation. Dry mouth is more characteristic of anticholinergic agents, which decrease salivary flow. Hypertension is also not a typical effect; rather, cholinergics often lead to vasodilation and can actually cause hypotension due to increased parasympathetic influence.