What are the key adverse effects of cholinergic agonists?

Cholinergic agonists, which stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, can lead to a range of physiological effects, commonly summarized by the acronym SLUD, which stands for salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation. These effects arise due to increased acetylcholine activity at muscarinic receptors, causing exaggerated actions in target organs innervated by the parasympathetic system.

Bradycardia is another notable consequence of enhanced cholinergic activity, as stimulation of the vagus nerve reduces heart rate through the influence on the sinoatrial node. The symptoms associated with cholinergic agonist use demonstrate the system’s predominant activity, often leading to increased secretions, muscle contractions, and various gastrointestinal activities, all of which are characteristic of heightened parasympathetic tone.

In contrast, the other options present effects that do not align with typical cholinergic agonist activity. While they contain various symptoms, they do not accurately reflect the classical effects associated with cholinergic stimulation. The adverse effects captured in the correct choice specifically highlight the hallmark features of cholinergic syndrome, making it the most appropriate selection.