Pilocarpine is used for what therapeutic purposes?

Pilocarpine is primarily classified as a muscarinic agonist, meaning it activates the muscarinic receptors in the body. This action leads to a variety of therapeutic uses, particularly in ophthalmology and for conditions involving salivary secretion.

One of the key therapeutic purposes of pilocarpine is lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), which is critically important in conditions like glaucoma. By stimulating the muscarinic receptors in the eye, pilocarpine facilitates increased outflow of aqueous humor, thereby reducing IOP.

Additionally, pilocarpine is effective in reversing mydriasis (dilation of the pupil), which is beneficial after ocular procedures or in cases of drug-induced pupil dilation. The activation of muscarinic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle causes constriction of the pupil, counteracting the effects of mydriatic agents.

Furthermore, pilocarpine is used to stimulate salivation, particularly in patients suffering from xerostomia (dry mouth), which can result from conditions like Sjögren's syndrome or as a side effect of certain medications. By activating the salivary glands, pilocarpine enhances salivary secretion and relieves discomfort associated with dry mouth.

These therapeutic effects—